Dainichi Heater English Manual For Toyota

US1A1 - Polmer Blend of Non-Compatible Polymers- Google Patents US1A1 - Polmer Blend of Non-Compatible Polymers- Google Patents Polmer Blend of Non-Compatible PolymersInfo Publication number US1A1 US1A1 US11/573,064 US57306405A USA1 US 1 A1 US1 A1 US 1A1 US 57306405 A US57306405 A US 57306405A US A1 US A1 US A1 Authority US United States Prior art keywords polypropylene polymer polymer blend weight process Prior art date 2004-08-13 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.) Abandoned Application number US11/573,064 Inventor Peter Putsch Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)Rockwood Clay Additives GmbHOriginal Assignee Sud-Chemie AG Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.) 2004-08-13 Filing date 2005-08-11 Publication date 2008-08-13 Priority to DE51 priority Critical patent/DE51A1/en 2004-08-13 Priority to DE51.2 priority 2005-08-11 Application filed by Sud-Chemie AG filed Critical Sud-Chemie AG 2005-08-11 Priority to PCT/EP2005/008753 priority patent/WOA1/en 2007-02-12 Assigned to SUD-CHEMIE AG reassignment SUD-CHEMIE AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PUTSCH, PETER 2008-01-03 Publication of US1A1 publication Critical patent/US1A1/en 2008-03-05 Assigned to ROCKWOOD CLAY ADDITIVES, GMBH reassignment ROCKWOOD CLAY ADDITIVES, GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS).

• Dainichi Heater English Manual For Toyota Truck

The invention relates to a polymer blend composed of a polypropylene and/or of a polypropylene copolymer and of another polymer which is incompatible with the polypropylene and/or with the polypropylene copolymer. The polymer is obtained via mixing of the melts of the two polymers with high energy input. After cooling, and also after remelting and further processing via, for example, injection molding, it shows no separation of the phases. The invention further relates to a polymer blend which can be obtained by the inventive process, and also to a molding composed of the polymer blend. The invention relates to a process for preparation of a polypropylene polymer blend with a proportion of, always based on the weight of the polymer blend, from 40 to 80% by weight of a polypropylene and/or of a polypropylene copolymer and with a proportion of from 10 to 30% by weight of at least one other polymer which is incompatible with the polypropylene and/or incompatible with the polypropylene copolymer, and also to a polymer blend obtainable by this process. The invention further relates to a molding produced from the polymer blend. Plastics are easy to process and can be shaped in an almost unlimited number of ways.

They have low weight and their properties can be varied widely. By combining known and proven polymers, novel materials are obtained which have new and useful property profiles, characterized by, for example, improvement in impact resistance, creation of particular morphological structures, or linkage of hard and soft or elastic phases. A problem with the preparation of these materials is that the polymers are often mutually incompatible. The materials are then not homogeneous but instead have two or more phases present alongside one another. The difficulty here is that of mixing the polymers in such a way as to give a stable material. This means that some polymers cannot be processed to give mixtures.

Despite mixing, phase separation occurs relatively rapidly, the product obtained after hardening of the melt is therefore not an intimate mixture with a macroscopically homogeneous structure but in each case relatively large regions result, in each of which only one of the polymers is present in substantially homogeneous form. There is mostly inadequate cohesion between the regions composed of various polymers and they can therefore easily be separated from one another, and a molding formed from this polymer mixture does not have homogeneous mechanical properties. After the mixing of the polymers, the melt is mostly not immediately processed to give the desired molding, but pellets are first produced, these being easy to transport and store. Phase separation of the polymers has likewise to be avoided during remelting for processing, e.g.

Via injection molding. An example of the use of plastics in the automobile industry is provided by trim in the interior of automobiles. Even after years of use, there has to be no, or only very slight, discernible wear on these trim surfaces. In particular in smooth surfaces, therefore, the surface has to have high scratch resistance. One possible polymer blend for production of this type of trim could be composed of polystyrene and polypropylene. Polypropylene gives the molding a certain elasticity, while polystyrene permits production of surfaces with high scratch resistance. However, there are currently no commercially available polymer blends composed of polypropylene and polystyrene.

If polypropylene pellets and polystyrene pellets are used conventionally, for example via mixing in an extruder, to produce a material, the two polymers do not mix and the polymer phases separate again from one another after cooling. If an attempt is made to use this type of polymer mixture to produce a molding, the polystyrene phase accumulates at the outside of the molding on the polypropylene phase and, after cooling, the polystyrene phase can be peeled like a film from the core formed from polypropylene. With the aim of preparing stable polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) blends, studies have previously been carried out in which organically modified aluminum silicates have been added to PP/PS blends. For example, Y. Changjiang, X.

Hailin and J. Demin (China Synthetic Rubber Industry, 2003, 26 (1):42) report the addition of hybrids composed of styrene-ethylene/propylene diblock copolymers (SEP) and of modified montmorillonite tb PP/PS blends. The blends used for the studies comprised polypropylene and polystyrene in a ratio of 20/80. It was found that the tensile strength and the impact resistance of the blends increases as content of SEP increases. Tensile strength reaches a maximum when the proportion -of SEP is 5% by weight and then falls again as the proportion continues to rise.

The explanation for this is that only a limited proportion of the SEP acting as compatibilizer reaches the interface between the two polymers, the arrangement of the remaining SEP being within the volume of the polymers in the form of micelles. In relation to the amount of montmorillonite added, it was found that tensile strength and impact resistance initially increase with increasing proportion of montmorillonite and that a maximum is reached when the proportion by weight is in the range from 2 to 3% by weight, and then there is another fall as the proportion continues to rise. These studies used a polymer mixture with PP/PS/SEP=20/80/5. The proportion by weight of the montmorillonite was varied in the range from 0 to about 7% by weight. Baohua and Z.

Zengmin (China Plastics, Volume 16, No. 2; February 2002) report on the preparation of polypropylene/polystyrene/montmorillonite nanocomposite materials. A specific process can be used to intercalate the montmorillonite and then disperse it at the nano level in the polymer material. Studies used a montmorillonite which had been modified via intercalation with 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. In a first stage, a polystyrene/montmorillonite composite material is prepared. For this, the organically modified montmorillonite is first dissolved in deionized water and, after addition of an initiator, styrene is added dropwise in order to carry out an emulsion polymerization reaction. The polystyrene/montmorillonite composite material is then isolated via filtration and dried.

The material is then kneaded with polypropylene at a temperature of 230° C. For 10 hours to give a dry material. This dry material is then molded via injection molding to give test specimens.

The authors report on a study of the layer separation of the montmorillonite in the various stages of preparation. Simply by virtue of the organic modification of the montmorillonite, the layer separation is widened. After the emulsion polymerization reaction of the styrene, a further widening of the layer separation has taken place. This is interpreted as meaning that styrene monomers have penetrated between the montmorillonite layers and that a polymerization reaction has then taken place. The polystyrene macromolecules lead to further enlargement of the layer separation. Studies of the dispersion of organically modified montmorillonite in previously polymerized polypropylene reveal no significant widening of the layer separation. The authors assume that the organically modified montmorillonite retains a certain number of hydroxy groups at the surface of the silicate layer, and that therefore there is a marked repellent effect between the markedly polar hydroxy groups and the non-polar polypropylene molecules if the composite formed from polystyrene and montmorillonite is added to polypropylene, separation of the montmorillonite layers takes place, thus bringing about dispersion of the montmorillonite at the nano level.

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies show that the montmorillonite layers have been nanodimensionally separated. The article does not reveal the ratio in which polypropylene and polystyrene are present in the finished blend, or the quantitative proportion of the montmorillonite. However, the X-ray diffraction spectrum shown in the article does not show any content of a crystalline polypropylene phase. This implies that here again, as in the abovementioned article by Y. Changjiang et al., the polypropylene is present as secondary phase, i.e.

Forms only a very small proportion of the material. The preparation process is complicated by the emulsion polymerization reaction of the styrene in the presence of the organically modified montmorillonite.

Since the preparation of composites of this type is subject to high cost pressure, this process is -rather disadvantageous for industrial application. Fu (Polymer 45 (2004) 1913-1922) report on attempts to compatibilize PP/PS blends via addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles. Using addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles, a drastic reduction in the size of the microdomains formed from polystyrene was found, with very homogeneous size distribution, with short mixing times. Longer mixing times let to an increase in the size of the microdomains formed from polystyrene observed. Addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles led to a marked increase in the viscosity of the melt of the PP/PS blend. The SiO 2 nanoparticles had been modified with octamethylcyclotetraoxysilane, in order to obtain a surface with hydrophobic properties.

The experiments were carried out using a polymer blend comprising PP and PS in a ratio of 70:30. The components were mixed in a corotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 32 for the screws and with a diameter of 25 mm with a mixing time of less than 3 minutes. The extrudates were quenched in water and chopped to give pellets. The pellets were used to produce test specimens via injection molding. Fu (Macromol. Rapid Commun.

2003, 24, 231-235) studied the properties of an organically modified montmorillonite as compatibilizer in polypropylene/polystyrene blends. The montmorillonite used in the studies had been modified with dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide. Different proportions of the organically modified montmorillonite were admixed with a PP/PS blend with a PP/PS ratio of 70:30, and were mixed at a temperature of 190° C. Without addition of the compatibilizer, styrene domains whose size is about 3-4 μm form in the blend, but these domains do not have uniform distribution within the volume of the blend. On addition of 2% by weight of the organically modified montmorillonite, the diameter of the polystyrene domains decreases to about 2-3 μm. If the proportion of the organically modified montmorillonite is raised to from 5 to 10% by weight, the diameter of the polystyrene domains decreases further to values of about 0.5-1 μm. At a proportion of 30% by weight, the size of the polystyrene domains decreases further to values of from 0.3 to 0.5 μm, a very narrow size distribution being achieved here.

There are currently no polypropylene/polystyrene blends available in the automobile industry which have, for example, a satisfactory surface, permitting the use of these to be extended to visible regions, for example in the dashboard region. Other polymer blends have therefore been preferred. By way of example, polypropylene filled with a high proportion of talc is used.

However, the surfaces of this type of trim continue to exhibit unsatisfactory scratch resistance. Stress whitening also occurs on exposure to mechanical load. The microdomains have homogeneous distribution in the continuous phase and form a stable structure in such a way that, even after the polypropylene polymer blend has been remelted, no substantial coalescence of the microdomains is found. The polypropylene polymer blends obtained by the inventive process can therefore, by way of example, be processed via injection molding to give moldings which have macroscopically homogeneous properties.

The moldings produced from a polymer blend of this type also have a surface with surprisingly high scratch resistance. The individual constituents can be mixed in any manner desired per se.

It is therefore possible to dry-mix the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer and the at least one other polymer which is incompatible with the polypropylene and/or with the polypropylene copolymer in each case in the form of pellets, and also the organically modified nanocomposite filler in the form of a powder, and then to melt and mix these materials together. However, it is also possible to begin by compounding the polypropylene and/or the polypropylene copolymer or the at least one other polymer with the nanocomposite filler. This compounded material can then either be further processed directly in the form of a melt or can first be converted to pellets which are mixed in the melt with the respective other polymer after remelting.

However, it is also possible to add the nanocomposite filler directly to the melt immediately prior to or else after the mixing of the melts of polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer and of the at least one other polymer. In each case, the mixing with the nanocomposite filler takes place directly with the polymer, and no polymerization in the presence of the nanocomposite filler is therefore required in order to disperse the nanocomposite filler in the polymer. The mixing of the polymer constituents is carried out under high-shear conditions. Under the high-shear conditions, the phase formed by the other polymer which is incompatible with the polypropylene and/or with the polypropylene copolymer is comminuted and thus forms microdomains.

Furthermore, almost complete exfoliation of the nanocomposite filler takes place under these conditions. It is assumed that the lamellae formed during the exfoliation from the individual layers of the nanocomposite filler bring about stabilization of the microdomains, the organically modified nanocomposite lamellae acting as compatibilizer between the polymers which are incompatible per se, thus effectively suppressing coalescence of the microdomains formed from the other polymer.

The formation of a stable mixed phase with a continuous phase composed of polypropylene and/or a polypropylene copolymer, in which microdomains composed of at least one polymer which is incompatible with the polypropylene and/or incompatible with the polypropylene copolymer have been arranged is attributed to the compatibilizer action of the organically modified nanocomposite filler. An organically modified nanocomposite filler here means a layer-type aluminum silicate which has been subjected to a specific modification with at least one modifier and at least one additive. The organically modified nanocomposite filler used in the inventive process is prepared here by a certain process in which an untreated clay is first modified with a modifier, thus giving an organophilic clay material. This organophilic clay material is then modified with an additive in a further step.

The result is a modified organophilic clay material, the nanocomposite filler used in the inventive process, which is markedly more easily and more completely exfoliated during incorporation into a polymer composition. The proportion of aggregates composed of two or more lamellae can be markedly reduced. This can be discerned by way of example in electron micrographs.

The process for preparation of the nanocomposite filler has been described in PCT/EP2004/006397, which claims the priority of DE 103 26 977. Specifically, an organophilic clay material is first prepared. The organophilic clay material can be prepared in any manner desired per se. The organophilic clay material is preferably prepared by first preparing an aqueous suspension of an untreated clay and then reacting this with an organic modifier.

Untreated clays that can be used are conventional swellable phyllosilicates. These can have been obtained from natural sources or can have been prepared synthetically. Smectites are particularly suitable, examples being montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, and beidellite. Bentonites can also be used. The sodium form of the untreated clays is preferably used, because of better swellability.

Cationic organic agents are used as organic modifier, examples being ammonium compounds which bear at least one long-chain carbon chain which encompasses by way of example from 12 to 22 carbon atoms. The ammonium compound preferably encompasses two relatively long-chain carbon chains. The carbon chains can be identical or different, and also linear or branched.

Examples of suitable carbon chains are lauryl, stearyl, tridecyl, myristyl, pentadecyl and hexadecyl groups. Examples of branched relatively long-chain carbon chains are the 12-methylstyryl group or the 12-ethylstyryl group. The stearyl group is a particularly preferred carbon chain.

The other valences of the nitrogen atom have preferably been satisfied by relatively short carbon chains which can encompass from 1 to 22 carbon atoms. The other valences of the nitrogen atom are particularly preferably satisfied via methyl groups. However, it is also possible for the free valences to have been satisfied via hydrogen atoms. The carbon chains bonded at the nitrogen can be saturated or unsaturated carbon chains and, by way of example, can also encompass aromatic groups. The ammonium compound can therefore also bear benzyl groups by way of example alongside the long-chain carbon chains.

The ammonium compounds can by way of example be used in the form of chlorides. Alongside the ammonium compounds, the analogous phosphonium and sulfonium compounds can also, by way of example, be used for preparation of the organophilic clay material. Organophilic clays modified with ammonium compounds are particularly preferred as starting material. It is also possible to use non-anionic, organic components which have at least one aliphatic or cyclic radical having from 6 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.

Particular preference is given to anionic, organic components from one of the following classes of substance:. 1. Fatty alcohols, saturated or unsaturated, including primary and also secondary alcohols, in particular having C 6-C 12 radicals;. 2.

Fatty aldehydes, fatty ketones;. 3. Fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers;. 4. Fatty amines;. 5.

Mono-, di-, and triglyceride esters;. 6. Fatty acid alkanolamides;. 7.

Fatty acid amides;. 8. Alkyl esters of fatty acids;. 9. Fatty acid glucamides;. 10.

Dicarboxylic esters;. 11. Water-insoluble fatty acid soaps (these being the salts of long-chain carboxylic acids with divalent metals);. 13. Montan waxes (these being waxes whose chain length is C 26-C 32);. 14.

Paraffins and PE waxes. Siloxane components may also be used, and according to IUPAC guidelines these are oligomeric or polymeric siloxanes or siloxane derivatives. Preferred siloxane derivatives here are those in which at least one of the CH 3 side groups on the Si atom has been replaced by another functional group.

Particular preference, without restriction, is given to oligoalkylsiloxanes, polydialkylarylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, and mixtures of these, and particular preference is given to the siloxane derivatives mentioned which have been functionalized by at least one reactive group. Organophilic clay and additive are mixed in the inventive process without addition of water or of any other solvent.

The organophilic clay material preferably has very low moisture content or solvent content, the result being that no clumping can occur during the mixing process, or that no plastic deformation can be carried out, for example that required during the extrusion process. The moisture content or solvent content of the organophilic clay material is preferably less than 10% by weight, in particular less than 5% by weight. The additive is added without dilution. The additive can, if appropriate, be melted prior to addition. The organophilic clay material is added in the form of a powder into a high-shear mixing assembly.

For this, the organophilic clay material is ground to a very small grain size. The median particle size (D 50 value) is preferably below 50 μm, preferably below a D 50 value of 30 μm, in particular less than 8 μm. The median particle size can be determined via laser scattering. The bulk density of the organophilic clay material is preferably less than 300 g/l, particularly preferably being selected in the range from 150 to 250 g/l. The bulk density can be determined by first weighing an empty measuring cylinder of capacity 1000 ml, cut off at the 1000 ml mark. The powder is then charged all at once in such a way as to form a cone with the angle of rest above the upper rim.

This cone is then wiped off and the full measuring cylinder is reweighed. The difference then gives the bulk density. The organophilic clay and the additive are mixed in a high-shear mixing assembly.

A high-shear mixing assembly here is a mixer in which the components of the mixture are mixed with one another with a high level of shear action, without any associated substantial densification or compacting. During the mixing process, the mixture composed of organophilic clay material and additive therefore retains the form of a free-flowing powder. The product obtained immediately after the mixing process is therefore a powder which can be incorporated in polymer compositions.

There is therefore no requirement for regrinding of the modified organophilic clay material. During the mixing process, intensive fluidization of the components takes place, with introduction of a large amount of energy. At the same time, an increase in the temperature of the material in the mixer is observed during the intensive mixing process. At the start of the mixing procedure, the electrical current consumed by the mixer is approximately constant. Once the mixing procedure has proceeded further, the electrical current consumption of the mixer increases, as therefore also does the amount of energy introduced into the mixture.

The powder starts to agglomerate. The bulk density of the powder also increases. The mixing procedure is preferably conducted in such a way that the large amount of energy introduced by virtue of the intensive mixing process brings the mixture composed of organophilic clay material and additive within a period of a few minutes, for example from 6 to 8 minutes, to a temperature at which the electrical current consumption of the mixer rises non-linearly.

The mixing procedure is terminated only after an increased level of electrical current consumption has been observed at the mixer for some time. Once the ideal mixing time has been exceeded, the electrical current consumption increases significantly. This constitutes a criterion for terminating the mixing process. It is assumed that the intensive mixing process at an elevated temperature constantly creates new surfaces on the organophilic clay material, these surfaces coming into contact with the additive. The outcome here is coating by the additive of the surface of the organophilic clay material. It is likely that the additive is to some extent incorporated into the intervening spaces between adjacent lamellae.

The porosity of the organophilic clay material is altered, and the capillary forces are changed. This significantly improves the delaminatability of the modified organophilic clay material in polymers. Alongside improved delamination, improved flowability of the modified organophilic clay material is also observed, as is improved metering capability during the extrusion process. It is preferable that energy is introduced into the material in the mixer not only via the mixer but also additionally via heating of the material in the mixer. For this, the material in the mixer is uniformly heated, for example with the aid of a heating jacket.

By way of example, a linear heating profile may be selected for the heating process. The heating process is preferably continued until a non-linear rise in the energy consumption of the mixer indicates reaction between organophilic clay material and additive. The temperature of the material in the mixer is preferably raised during the intensive mixing process.

As explained above, the temperature of the material in the mixer may first be raised with the aid of an additional heat supply, until the increased energy consumption of the mixer indicates reaction between organophilic clay material and additive. Raising of the temperature also preferably continues after this point in the mixing of organophilic clay material and additive has been reached.

The temperature increase here can be the result of the energy introduced by the mixer or the result of external heat supply. The components of the material in the mixer, organophilic clay material and additive, are mixed with one another with introduction of a large amount of energy. The amount of energy introduced can be determined via the energy consumption of the mixer, i.e. The electrical power consumed during the intensive mixing process, which is then calculated relative to the volume of the material in the mixer. The amount of energy introduced during the intensive mixing process is preferably at least 300 kW/m 3. As explained above, a non-linear increase in the amount of energy introduced into the mixing assembly is observed after an induction period.

It is preferable that the intensive mixing process is continued until the increase in the amount of energy introduced at the end of the intensive mixing process, measured on the basis of the electrical current consumption of the high-shear mixing assembly, is in the range from 10 to 50%, in particular from 20 to 30%, the starting point being the electrical current consumption of the high-shear stirrer assembly at the start of the intensive mixing process. During the intensive mixing process, the organophilic clay material used retains the form of a powder. By virtue of the intensive fluidization of the particles, the organophilic clay material is reacted with the additive and is coated. The intensity of the mixing procedure and its duration are selected here in such a way that the increase in the particle size, measured as D 50, is not more than 10% during the intensive mixing process.

It is particularly preferable that the particle size, measured as D 50, does not increase, or indeed falls. The change in the particle size of the modified organophilic clay material is always calculated with respect to the initial particle size, measured as D 50, of the component a) used for the intensive mixing process. The particle size D50 of the modified organophilic clay material is preferably in the range from about 20 to 5 μm. The bulk density of the organophilic clay material increases during the intensive mixing process. The mixing process is preferably terminated when the bulk density has increased by at most 200% when compared with the initial bulk density of component a).

The intensive mixing process therefore increases the bulk density to not more than three times the bulk density of the untreated organophilic clay material. The bulk density of the modified organophilic clay material is preferably in the range from 400 to 550 g/l. The additive is added without dilution to the organophilic clay material. In one embodiment of the inventive process, both component a) and component b) are used in powder form. The pulverulent fine-grain solids behave like a liquid during the mixing process. A vortex is formed, and the product is therefore vigorously moved in a horizontal and vertical direction. Intensive introduction of energy leads to a temperature increase in the material in the mixer extending to a non-linear increase in the electrical current consumption of the mixer, resulting in an increase in the bulk density of the powder.

However, it is also possible to use additives which are liquid at room temperature. Addition of these to the organophilic clay material is preferably immediately followed by intensive mixing, so that the additive does not cause clumping of the organophilic clay material. The liquid additive is preferably added in the vicinity of a vortex developing during the fluidization of the organophilic clay material. The mixture composed of organophilic clay material and additive is agitated in the mixing assembly in such a way as to form a vortex at peripheral velocities of up to 200 m/s. A cone is observed to form in the middle of the mixing vessel during the mixing procedure, i.e. During the intensive mixing procedure the material in the mixer takes the form of a cone -extending to the base of the mixing assembly. During preparation of the organically modified nanocomposite filler, the organophilic clay material takes the form of a powder, both prior to and after the modification process.

The resultant modified organophilic clay material is preferably further processed in the form in which it is produced after the intensive mixing process, and is incorporated into the polymer. It is preferable that no separate compacting or densifying step for further processing of the modified organic clay material is carried out after the mixing process. For the intensive mixing process it is also possible to use high-shear mixing assemblies which have stirrer systems and preferably at least one deflector blade. The stirrer systems are preferably composed of stainless steel, in particular of martensitic steels, of RC40, and of steels of relatively high hardness. They are moreover preferably corrosion-resistant. An ideal method uses fluidizing blades inter alia protected by hard “Stellite K12” metal applied by welding at all relevant locations. The distance of the basal scraper from the base of the mixer is preferably adjusted to a minimal distance defined via the discharge material, and the other fluidizer blades and the horn element are arranged in such a way that the temperatures required can reliably be achieved using the fluidizing blades at a selected fill level of the high-speed mixer.

Polypropylene and/or a polypropylene copolymer is used as a polymer constituent of the polymer blend. This polymer gives the polymer blend high impact resistance. Furthermore, it is inexpensive, and this is preferred for large-scale industrial applications, e.g. For production of moldings in the automobile industry. The polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymers used can per se comprise any of the polymers in which propylene is present as monomer unit. The proportion of propylene-derived monomer units in the polymer is preferably at least 50 mol%, preferably more than 80 mol%. The proportion is, of course, always an average value for the polymers present in the blend.

Propylene/ethylene copolymers are an example of a suitable polypropylene copolymer. The polypropylene used can comprise either syntactic or else isotactic or atactic polypropylene. The melt flow index (MFI) of the polypropylenes and/or polypropylene copolymers used is preferably in the range from 1 to 30 g/10 min, with preference from 5 to 20 g/10 min, particularly preferably from 8 to 12 g/10 min. The MFI is determined at 230° C.

And 2.16 kg to ISO 1133. Another constituent used during the inventive preparation of the polymer blend is at least one other polymer which is incompatible with the polypropylene and/or incompatible with the polypropylene copolymer. For the purposes of the invention, an incompatible polymer means a polymer which is substantially immiscible with the polypropylene and/or with the polypropylene copolymer. When a mixture of pellets of the polypropylene and/or of the polypropylene copolymer and of the at least one other polymer is melted, no mixing takes place.

If the two types of polymer are mixed they are present alongside one another in separate phases. If this type of mixture is retained in the melt for a prolonged period, the domains in each case formed from one type of polymer coalesce, i.e. Phase separation occurs. The melt of the at least one other polymer becomes suspended in the melt of the polypropylene and/or of the polypropylene copolymer, or vice versa.

The at least one other polymer has preferably been selected from the group of polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), and also thermoplastic polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polycarbonates. The MFI of the other polymers is preferably from 1 to 30 g/10 min, with preference from 5 to 20 g/10 min, particularly preferably from 8 to 12 g/10 min, measured at 230° C. And 2.16 kg to ISO 1133. According to one preferred embodiment, a block copolymer is added as compatibilizer to the melt and its proportion, based on the weight of the polymer blend, is preferably from 5 to 15% by weight.

It is assumed that the arrangement has these block copolymers at the interface between two polymer phases and that they therefore bring about stabilization of the microdomains of the other polymer having minority presence in the polymer blend. Examples of suitable block copolymers are styrene-ethylene/propylene diblock copolymers (SEP) or else styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene triblock copolymers (SEPS).

These block or SEPS, polymer blends are obtained which can be used to produce moldings whose surface has high scratch resistance. Other suitable block copolymers are ethylene/propylene block copolymers (EPM), ethylene/propylene/diene block copolymers (EPDM), styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers (SBS) or styrene-butadiene rubber block copolymers (SBR). A significant factor for preparation of a high-specification polymer blend is that intensive comminution of the phase formed from the other polymer which is incompatible with the polypropylene and/or incompatible with the polypropylene copolymer takes place, so that the other polymer forms microdomains in a continuous phase formed from the polypropylene and/or from the polypropylene copolymer.

The intensive mixing of the polymer phases therefore takes place with high energy input, and the intensive mixing of the melts here preferably takes place with energy input of from 0.1 to 5 kWh/kg, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 4 kWh/kg. The energy input can be determined from the energy consumption of the mixing apparatus, which is divided by the amount of polymer processed. The intensive mixing of the melts of polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymers with the at least one other polymer, with high energy input, preferably takes place in an extruder, preferably in a corotating twin-screw extruder. These extruders permit high energy input into the mixture formed from the two polymer melts and thus intensive interpenetration of the two polymer phases.

The intensive mixing does not necessarily have to use an extruder. It is also possible to use other mixing apparatuses which permit high energy input into the mixture formed from the melt of the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer and from the melt of the at least one other polymer. These apparatuses are known to the person skilled in the art. Alongside corotating twin-screw extruders it i-s also possible to use other types of extruders which permit high energy input.

Buss kneaders are also suitable, for example. The mixing of polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymers with the at least one other polymer is preferably carried out by way of a temperature profile. The temperature rises here as the extent of mixing increases, the selected temperature at the start of the mixing process being about 150° C.-200° C. And then being raised to temperatures of about 210° C.-260° C. The upper temperature limit is substantially determined via the thermal stability of the polymers. There should be no noticeable decomposition of the polymers. The lower temperature limit is determined by a sufficient melt viscosity.

The properties of the polymer blend obtained by the inventive process are substantially affected via the addition of the organically modified nanocomposite. The phyllosilicate which, as described above, has been modified with a modifier and with an additive is first added here in the form of stacked layers to the polymer or polymer mixture, and is almost completely exfoliated via the intensive mixing of the two polymer melts, so that in the ideal case individual lamellae of the phyllosilicate have been dispersed in the polymer blend. Although there is no intention to be bound by any theory, it is assumed that the laminar lamellae of the nanocomposite provide intensive bonding between the two incompatible polymer phases because the arrangement has these at the phase boundaries between polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer and the at least one other polymer, thus bringing about stabilization of the microdomains formed from the other polymer. It is similarly assumed that the laminar lamellae of the nanocomposite filler accumulate at the surface of the molding and thus increase the scratch resistance of the surface.

Electron microscope studies show that in practice complete exfoliation does not take place for a proportion of the stacked layers, stacked layers encompassing a very small number of layers remaining present in the polymer blend. The number of layers here is about two to five. The length of the lamellae is generally from 200 to 500 nm and their thickness is generally about one nanometer. During preparation of the polymer blend it is preferable that the nanocomposite filler or the layer-type aluminum silicate is added to the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer. During preparation of the polymer blend, the phases formed from the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer and from the other polymer are mixed with high energy input. This is intended firstly to bring about the formation of microdomains from the phase of the other polymer and secondly to exfoliate the nanocomposite filler.

If the mixing process is carried out in an extruder, it is possible to prepare a mixture of the pellets of polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer and of the other polymer, the nanocomposite filler preferably by this stage being present in the pellets of the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer, and to melt and mix the pellets in an extruder. The blend can then, by way of example, be repelletized.

If the mixing of the polymer phases has not yet been adequate in the resultant pellets, it is also possible to reintroduce the pellets into an extruder and remelt and mix them in the extruder. However, other routes can also be adopted during the mixing of the polymer phases, as long as these permit intensive mixing of the polymer phases. By way of example, not only the polypropylene and/or the polypropylene copolymer but also the at least one other polymer can first be separately melted and the melts can then be mixed, with high energy input.

The mixture can first be further processed to give pellets. If the pellets are remelted, for example in order to permit injection molding to produce a molding, no macroscopic separation of the phases formed from polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer and, respectively, from the at least one other polymer occurs. Even after injection molding, the polymer blend retains its macroscopically homogeneous structure.

The at least one other polymer does not become suspended in the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer, and nor does it therefore peel after solidification of the melt. In this embodiment of the process, the melt of the at least one other polymer is preferably introduced by way of one or more apertures preferably arranged in succession in the direction of flow of the melt of the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer, into the melt. In practice, an example of a method for this proceeds by first melting the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer, for example in an extruder, and then feeding the melt of the at least one other polymer, preferably polystyrene, into the extruder, into the stream of the melt of the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer. The addition here can take place by way of a single nozzle or else by way of two or more nozzles preferably arranged in succession. The properties of the polymer blend can be varied widely by adding other fillers. In one embodiment, a fibrous reinforcing material is added to the melt composed of the polypropylene and/or polypropylene copolymer and of the at least one other polymer. Examples of these reinforcing materials can be glass fibers, carbon fibers, synthetic fibers, such as polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, or aramid, or else natural fibers, such as sisal, cotton, wood, cellulose, hemp, jute, or else coconut.

The polymer blend can also comprise, besides these, conventional mineral fillers, such as chalk, talc, wollastonite, titanium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide. Other materials that can be present are pigments or dyes, light stabilizers, heat stabilizers, or else processing aids, e.g. As explained above, the inventive process gives a polymer blend with excellent properties, which is in particular suitable for production of moldings for the automobile industry, for example for interior trim. The inventive polymer blend encompasses a continuous phase formed from the polypropylene and/or from the polypropylene copolymer.

The arrangement has, in this continuous phase, microdomains formed from the other polymer which is incompatible with the polypropylene and/or incompatible with the polypropylene copolymer. The microdomains of the other polymer in the inventive polymer blend have unusually small size. Even when pellets produced from the inventive polymer blend are remelted, there is only very little coalescence of the microdomains. The distribution and the size of the microdomains can be rendered visible on a section through a test specimen formed from the polymer blend, with the aid of electron micrographs. The lamellae formed from the nanocomposite filler have been dispersed in the polymer blend, and the arrangement here also has the lamellae at the interface of the two polymer phases. It is assumed that the lamellae formed from the nanocomposite filler stabilize the microdomains composed of the other polymer and that the polymer blend therefore has macroscopically homogeneous properties, no separation of the phases being found even during further processing, for example via injection molding.

Although there is no intention to be bound to any theory, the inventors assume that very slight separation of the two polymer phases occurs during remelting and subsequent injection molding, for example the polystyrene accumulating at the surface of the molding and thus leading to very high scratch resistance. However, the polystyrene remains intimately interlocked with the polypropylene arranged thereunder in the bulk of the material, thus preventing any of the peeling of the uppermost polystyrene layer that is found in PP/PS polymer blends currently supplied. Scratch resistance is further increased via the inventive addition of nanocomposite fillers, in particular nanophyllosilicates. Scratch resistance is tested to the VW standard Pv 3952. Scratch resistance of plastics is defined here as the resistance of the material to mechanical action, e.g. To scratching by a sharp edge or by a rounded object.

For this, a machine-guided gouge is used to scratch a cross-pattern with line separation about 2 mm into a lacquered/unlacquered plastics surface. For each scratch here, scratching takes place only once in one direction. A calorimeter is then used to determine the color deviation in relation to the unscratched surface. To produce the transmission electron micrographs, an ultramicrotome was used to cut thin sections at −40° C. From the tensile test specimens produced with the polymer blends obtained in inventive example 1 and also in comparative example 2, and these were then contrasted with RuO 4 and then studied using a transmission electron microscope with acceleration voltage of 200 kV.

2 (51514) and 6 (basil) show the electron micrographs obtained for the polymer blends of inventive example 1 and also of comparative example 2. Tables 1 and 2 collate the values determined for the inventive polymer blend “51514” and also for the “basl1” polymer blend of comparative example 2 utilized as comparison. Each of the tables contains the following parameters:Area of class:area of all of the particles in aclassArea proportion:percentage proportion of the areaof all of the particles in aclass, based on the total area ofall of the particlesAverage area:average area of the individualparticles in the classNumber:number of particles in a classRelative proportion:percentage proportion of theparticles in a class, based on thetotal number of all of theparticlesClass ID:class number. 4 and 8 plot the values from the “number” column against the class number for the polymer blends “51514” and also “basl1”. 5 and 9 plot the values from the “area proportion” column against the class number for the polymer blends “51514” and also “basl1”. The process as claimed in claim 1, where the non-anionic, organic component has been selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes, fatty ketones, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, fatty amines, mono-, di-, and triglyceride esters, fatty acid alkanolamides, fatty acid amides, alkyl esters of fatty acids, fatty acid glucamides, dicarboxylic esters, waxes, water-insoluble fatty acid soaps, montan waxes, and also paraffins, polyethylene waxes and polysiloxanes and mixtures thereof.

.TABLE OF CONTENTS Adjusting and operating features such as door locks, Before driving mirrors, and steering column When driving Driving, stopping and safe-driving information Air conditioning and audio systems, as well as other in- Interior features terior features for a comfortable driving experience Maintenance and Cleaning and protecting your vehicle, performing do-it- care.TABLE OF CONTENTS Index For vehicles with a navigation system or multimedia system, refer to the “Navigation and multimedia system Owner’s manual” for information regarding the equipment listed below. Navigation system. Audio/video system 1-4. Opening and closing the Before driving windows Power windows.& start system).206 Dynamic radar cruise Multidrive.210 control.277 Automatic transmission.216 Speed limiter. 296 Manual transmission. 224 Toyota parking Turn signal lever.228 assist-sensor.299 Parking brake. 229 Rear view monitor Horn.233 system.304 LKA (Lane-Keeping 2-2.TABLE OF CONTENTS Index 3-2.

Using the audio system Interior features Audio system types. 381 Using the radio.384 Using the CD player. Using the air conditioning Playing back MP3 and system and defogger WMA discs. 399 Automatic air conditioning Operating an iPod.3-4. Using the storage features Maintenance and care List of storage features.475. Glove box.476. Console box.

Maintenance and care. Overhead console. 478 Cleaning and protecting. Cup holders. 479 the vehicle exterior.TABLE OF CONTENTS Index If you have a flat tire When trouble arises (vehicles with emergency tire puncture repair kit).682 If the engine will 5-1. Essential information not start.708 Emergency flashers.

610 If the shift lever cannot be If your vehicle needs shifted from “P”.Vehicle specifications 6-1. Specifications Maintenance data (fuel, oil level, etc.). 740 Fuel information.765 6-2. Customization Customizable features.769 6-3. Initialization Items to initialize.774 Index Abbreviation list.776 Alphabetical index. 777 What to do if.

786 AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).Pictorial index Exterior (sedan) Headlights P. 256 Front turn signal lights P.

228 Front position/daytime running lights P. 256 Windshield wipers P. 265 Outside rear view mirrors P. 525  Front fog lights Side turn signal lights P. Rear window defogger Trunk P. 80 Tail lights P.

256 Rear fog light (right-hand Fuel filler door drive vehicles) P. 121 Side doors P. 72 License plate lights P. 256 Rear view monitor system  camera P.Pictorial index Exterior (wagon) Headlights P.

256 Front turn signal lights P. 228 Front position/daytime running lights P. 256 Windshield wipers P. 265 Outside rear view mirrors P. 525  Front fog lights Side turn signal lights P. Rear window defogger P. 379 Rear window wiper P.

270 Tail lights P. 256 Rear fog light (right-hand Fuel filler door drive vehicles) P.

121 Side doors P. 72 License plate lights P. 256 Tires Rear view monitor system Rotation P.Interior Pictorial index (left-hand drive vehicles) SRS driver airbag P. 148 Seat belts P.

100 Airbag manual on-off switch P. 180 Head restraints SRS front passenger P. 148 Armrest Glove box P. 476  Cup holders P.Inside rear view mirror P. 111  Intrusion sensor cancel switch P.

139  Overhead console P. 478 Personal/interior lights P. 473 . Microphone P. 444 Personal lights P. 474 Assist grips P.

497 SRS curtain shield airbags P. 148 .Interior Pictorial index (left-hand drive vehicles)  Driving position memory switches P. 95 Inside lock button P. 73 Window lock switch P. 117 Door lock switch P.

73 Power window switches P. 117  Power window switches P. 117 AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE). Seat heater switches P.

488 Rear passengers’ seat belt reminder lights P. 625 “PASSENGER AIRBAG” indicator light P. 180 Security indicator light P. 127, 138 Ashtray P.

485 Cigarette lighter P. 486  “SHIFT LOCK” button P. 711 Shift lever P.Instrument panel Pictorial index (left-hand drive vehicles) Windshield wipers and Gauges and meters P. 234 washer switch P. 265 Multi-information display P. 241 Rear window wiper and washer switch (wagon) P. 270 Headlight switch P.

256 Emergency flasher switch P. 610 Turn signal lever P.Vehicles with automatic air conditioning system Rear window defogger switch P. 379 Air conditioning system P. 358   Power heater switch Windshield wiper de-icer switch P. 380 Vehicles with manual air conditioning system Rear window defogger switch P.Instrument panel Pictorial index (left-hand drive vehicles) .

Telephone switches  “DISP” switch P. 242  Distance switch P. 277  Paddle shift switches  P. 212, 218 “DISP” switch P. 242 .

Talk switch Audio remote control switches P. 314  Headlight leveling dial P. 258 Outside rear view mirror switches P. 114  Speed limiter switch P. 296 Toyota parking assist-sensor  switch P.

299 Tilt and telescopic steering  control switch P. 108 Tilt and telescopic steering .Interior Pictorial index (right-hand drive vehicles) SRS driver airbag Seat belts P. 100 Airbag manual on-off switch P. 180 Head restraint P. 98 SRS front passenger airbag P. 148 Armrest P. 490 Glove box P.

476  Cup holders P.Inside rear view mirror P. 111  Intrusion sensor cancel switch P. 139  Overhead console P. 478 Personal/interior lights P. 473 . Microphone P. 444 Personal lights P.

474 Assist grips P. 497 SRS curtain shield airbags P. 148 .Interior Pictorial index (right-hand drive vehicles) Window lock switch P. 117 Inside lock button P. 73  Driving position memory switches P.

95  Power window switches P. 117 Power window switches P. 117 Door lock switch P. 73 AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).Rear passengers’ seat belt reminder lights P. 625 “PASSENGER AIRBAG” indicator light P. 180 Security indicator light P.

127, 138  Seat heater switches P. 488 Shift lever P. 210, 216, 224  “SHIFT LOCK” button P. 711 Cup holder P.Instrument panel Pictorial index (right-hand drive vehicles) Headlight switch P. 256 Turn signal lever P. 228 Fog light switch P. 263 Gauges and meters P.

234 Multi-information display P. 241 Emergency flasher switch P. 610 Windshield wipers and . washer switch P.Vehicle with automatic air conditioning system Rear window defogger switch Rear window defogger switch P.

379 Air conditioning system P. 358 Vehicle with manual air conditioning system Rear window defogger switch P.

379 Air conditioning system P. 432  Paddle shift switches P. 212, 218  “DISP” switch . Talk switch P. 242  Distance switch Toyota parking P. 277 assist-sensor  switch P.

299  Cruise control switch P. 271, 277 Tilt and telescopic steering . “LKA” switch P. 314  Headlight leveling dial P. 258 Outside rear view mirror switches P. 114  Speed limiter switch P. 296 Engine (ignition) switch (vehicles with smart entry & start system) P.

200 Engine (ignition) switch (vehicles without smart entry &.Luggage compartment Pictorial index (wagon) With deck rail  Separation net P. 505  Luggage cover P. 504 ISOFIX rigid anchor P. 170 Luggage mat P. 503  Cargo hook P. 502 Deck side board P. 504 AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).Without deck rail  Separation net P.

505  Luggage cover P. 504 ISOFIX rigid anchor P. 170 Luggage mat P. 503  Cargo hook P. 502 Deck side board P. 504 : If equipped AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).Accessories, spare parts and modification of your Toyota Both genuine Toyota and a wide variety of other spare parts and accessories for Toyota vehicles are currently available on the market.

Should it be deter. SRS airbag system  Seat belt pretensioner system Be sure to check with any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped professional for precautionary measures or spe- cial instructions regarding installation of an RF-transmitter system.CAUTION  General precautions while driving Driving under the influence: Never drive your vehicle when under the influ- ence of alcohol or drugs that have impaired your ability to operate your vehi- cle. Alcohol and certain drugs delay reaction time, impair judgment and reduce coordination, which could lead to an accident that could result in death or serious injury.This is a warning against anything which may cause damage to the vehicle or its equipment if the warning is ignored. You are informed about what you must or must not do in order to avoid or reduce the risk of damage to your Toyota and its equipment.AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).Before driving 1-1.

Key information 1-4. Opening and closing the windows Keys.36 Power windows.117 1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors 1-5. Refueling Smart entry & start Opening the fuel tank system.39 cap.121 Wireless remote control.62 1-6.1-1.

Key information Keys The following keys are provided with the vehicle. Vehicles with smart entry & start system Electronic keys. Operating the smart entry & start system (P.

39). Operating wireless remote control function (P. 62) Mechanical keys Key number plate Vehicles without smart entry &.1-1. Key information Using the mechanical key (if equipped) Take out the mechanical key. After using the mechanical key, store it in the electronic key. Carry the mechanical key together with the electronic key. If the electronic key battery is depleted or the smart entry &.Keep the plate in a safe place such as your wallet, not in the vehicle.

In the event that a key is lost, a new key can be made by any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped professional, using the key number plate.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors  Smart entry & start system The following operations can be performed simply by carrying the electronic key on your person, for example in your pocket. (The driver should always carry the electronic key.) Unlocks and locks the doors and trunk/back door (P.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Unlocking and locking the doors and trunk/back door (front door handles only) Grip the handle to unlock. Make sure to touch the sensor on the back of the handle.

The doors and trunk/back door cannot be unlocked for 3 seconds after they are locked.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Press the lock button to lock. Antenna location and effective range  Antenna location Sedan Antennas outside cabin Antenna outside trunk Antenna inside trunk Antennas inside cabin AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Wagon Antennas outside cabin Antenna outside luggage com- partment Antenna inside luggage com- partment Antennas inside cabin AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors  Effective range (areas within which the electronic key is detected) Sedan When locking or unlocking the side doors The system can be operated when the electronic key is within about 0.7 m (2.3 ft.) of either of the outside front door handles.1-2.

Opening, closing and locking the doors  Operation signals The emergency flashers flash to indicate that the doors and trunk/back door have been locked/unlocked. (Locked: Once; Unlocked: Twice)  When the door cannot be locked using the topside sensor area If the door will not lock even when the topside sensor area is touched, try touch- ing both the topside and underside sen.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors When multiple electronic keys are in the vicinity   When another wireless key (that emits radio waves) is being used nearby  When carrying or using the electronic key together with the following devices that emit radio waves.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Electronic key battery depletion   The standard battery life is 1 to 2 years. (The battery becomes depleted even if the electronic key is not used.) If the smart entry & start system or the wireless remote control function does not operate, or the detection area becomes smaller, the battery may be depleted.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Note for the smart entry & start system   Even when the electronic key is within the effective range (detection areas), the system may not operate properly in the following cases.

The electronic key is too close to the window or outside door handle, near the ground, or in a high place when the doors are locked or unlocked.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors If the key is inside the vehicle while it is being washed, water applied to a  door handle may cause a buzzer to sound and a message to be dis- played. In this event, locking all doors will cause the message to extin- guish and the buzzer to stop sounding.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Alarm Situation Correction procedure Tried to lock the doors using the entry function Retrieve the elec- while the electronic key is tronic key and lock the Interior alarm still inside the passenger doors again pings once and compartment or trunk/lug- exterior alarm.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Alarm Situation Correction procedure When the “ENGINE START STOP” switch is in IGNITION ON or ACCES- Shift the shift lever to Interior alarm SORY mode, an attempt “P” and turn the sounds continu- was made to open the “ENGINE START ously.When the electronic key battery is fully depleted P. 570  Customization that can be configured at any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped professional Settings (e.g.

Smart entry & start system) can be changed.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Certification for the smart entry & start system  Hereby, Toyota Motor Corporation, declares that this TMLF8-9 is in compli- ance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Direc- tive 1999/5/EC.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Hereby, TRCZ s.r.o., declares that this B75EA is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2.

Opening, closing and locking the doors Hereby, TRCZ s.r.o., declares that this B76UA is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).(P. 41) The radio waves may affect the operation of such devices. If necessary, the entry function can be disabled. Ask any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped professional for details, such as the frequency of radio waves and timing of the emitted radio waves.1-2.

Opening, closing and locking the doors Wireless remote control The wireless remote control can be used to lock and unlock the vehi- cle from outside the vehicle. Vehicles with smart entry & start system Locks all doors and trunk/ back door Unlocks all doors and trunk/ back door.1-2.

Opening, closing and locking the doors Vehicles without smart entry & start system Locks all doors and trunk/ back door Unlocks the trunk/back door Lock the trunk/back door again when you leave the vehicle. They will not lock automatically after they have been opened and then closed.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors  Operation signals The emergency flashers flash to indicate that the doors and trunk/back door have been locked/unlocked. (Locked: Once; Unlocked: Twice)  Door lock buzzer (vehicles with smart entry & start system) If the door, trunk or back door is not fully closed, a buzzer sounds continu- ously for 5 seconds if an attempt to lock the door is made. Sedan: If a metallic object is placed on the package tray  Customization that can be configured at any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped professional Settings (e.g. Door lock buzzer) can be changed.1-2.

Opening, closing and locking the doors Certification for wireless remote control (vehicles without smart entry  & start system) AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Side doors The vehicle can be locked and unlocked using the smart entry & start system, wireless remote control or door lock switch.

Dainichi Heater English Manual For Toyota Truck

 Smart entry & start system (if equipped) P. Opening, closing and locking the doors  Door lock switch Locks all doors Unlocks all doors  Inside lock button Locks the door Unlocks the door The front doors can be opened by pulling the inside handles even if the lock buttons are in the lock position.1-2.

Opening, closing and locking the doors Locking the front doors from the outside without a key Move the inside lock button to the lock position. STEP Close the door while pulling the door handle. STEP Vehicles with smart entry & start system The door cannot be locked if the “ENGINE START STOP”.1-2.

Opening, closing and locking the doors Rear door child-protector lock The door cannot be opened from inside the vehicle when the locks are set. Unlock Lock These locks can be set to prevent children from opening the rear doors. Push down the rear door switches to lock the rear doors.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Automatic door locking and unlocking systems To change the default setting, follow the instructions below.

Default Function Operation setting All the doors are locked Speed linked door locking when the vehicle speed is function approximately 20 km/h (12 mph) or higher.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors  Setting and canceling the functions To switch between setting and canceling, follow the procedure below. Vehicles with smart entry & start system: STEP Close all doors and turn the “ENGINE START STOP” switch to IGNITION ON mode.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Vehicles with Multidrive or automatic transmission Shift lever Door lock switch Function position position Speed linked door locking function Shift position linked door locking function Shift position linked door unlocking function Driver’s door linked door unlocking function Vehicles with manual transmission Shift lever.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors  Impact detection door lock release system In the event that the vehicle is subject to a strong impact, all the doors are unlocked. Depending on the force of the impact or the type of accident, how- ever, the system may not operate.1-2.

Opening, closing and locking the doors Trunk (sedan) The trunk can be opened using the trunk opener. Press the opener switch.

The trunk can be locked and unlocked using the smart entry & start system, wireless remote control or door lock switch. Opening, closing and locking the doors  Trunk light The trunk light turns on when the trunk is opened.  Trunk handle Use the trunk handle when closing the trunk. Be careful not to pull the trunk lid side- ways when closing the trunk with the han- dle.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors CAUTION  When children are in the vehicle Observe the following precautions.

Failure to do so may result in death or serious injury.  Do not allow children to enter the trunk. If a child is accidentally locked in the trunk, they could have heat exhaus- tion or suffocate. Do not attach any accessories other than genuine Toyota parts to the trunk lid. Such additional weight on the trunk lid may cause the lid to suddenly shut again after it is opened.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors Back door (wagon) The back door can be opened using the back door opener.

Press the opener switch. The back door can be locked and unlocked using the smart entry & start system, wireless remote control or door lock switch. Opening, closing and locking the doors When closing the back door Lower the back door using the back door handle, and make sure to push the back door down from the outside to close it.

Be careful not to pull the back door sideways when closing the back door with the handle.1-2. Opening, closing and locking the doors CAUTION  While driving  Keep the back door closed while driving.

If the back door is left open, it may hit near-by objects while driving or lug- gage may be unexpectedly thrown out, causing an accident. In addition, exhaust gases may enter the vehicle, causing death or a seri- ous health hazard.1-2.

Opening, closing and locking the doors CAUTION  When children are in the vehicle Observe the following precautions. Failure to do so may result in death or serious injury.  Do not allow children to play in the luggage compartment. If a child is accidentally locked in the luggage compartment, they could have heat exhaustion or other injuries.If a bicycle carrier or similar heavy object is attached to the back door, it may suddenly shut again after being opened, causing someone’s hands, head or neck to be caught and injured. When installing an accessory part to the back door, using a genuine Toyota part is recommended. AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).Do not touch the damper stay rod with gloves or other fabric items.

 Do not attach any accessories other Damper stay than genuine Toyota parts to the back door. Do not place your hand on the damper  stay or apply lateral forces to it.1-3.

Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Front seats Power seat Seat position fore/aft control switch Seatback angle control switch Seat cushion (front) angle control switch Vertical height control switch Lumber support control switch (driver’s side) Manual seat Seat position adjustment lever Seatback angle adjustment lever.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Active head restraint When occupant’s back presses against the seatback during a rear-end collision, the head restraint moves slightly for- ward to help reduce the risk of whiplash on the seat occupant.  Active head restraint Even small forces applied to the seatback may cause the head restraint to move.1-3.

Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Rear seats The seatbacks can be folded down.  Before folding down Stow the seat belt buckles as STEP shown.

Lower each of the head STEP restraints while pushing the lock release button. Sedan: When folding down the right hand seatback, also carry out the following procedure.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Remove the seat belt from the STEP seat belt guide. Folding down the seatbacks  Pull the lever to unlock the seatback and then fold the seatback down. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel)  Returning the seatbacks (sedan) Tilt the seatback up until it locks, making sure that you hold the seat belt to prevent it from getting caught between the seat- back and the inner side of the vehicle. Make sure the shoulder belt passes through the guide and that the seat belt is in position before folding down the.1-3.

Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel)  Driving position memory system Your preferred driving position (the position of the driver’s seat and steering wheel) can be entered into the computer’s memory and recalled with the touch of a button. Two different driving positions can be entered into memory.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel)  Recalling the memorized position Vehicles with smart entry & start system: Turn the “ENGINE STEP START STOP” switch to IGNITION ON mode.

Vehicles without smart entry & start system: Turn the engine switch to the “ON” position. Press button “1”.1-3.

Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Retained accessory power  Vehicles with smart entry & start system  Memorized driver’s seat position can be activated within 180 seconds after the driver’s door is opened, even if the “ENGINE START STOP” switch is turned OFF.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Head restraints Vertical adjustment Pull the head restraints up. Down Lock release button Press hold lock release button when lowering the head restraint. Angle adjustment (if equipped for front seats)  Adjusting the height of the head restraints Make sure that the head restraints are adjusted so that the center of the head restraint is closest to the top of your ears.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Removing and installing the front seat head restraints  For removal and installation, ask any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped professional.  Removing the rear seat head restraints Pull the head restraint up while pressing the lock release button.1-3.

Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Seat belts Make sure that all occupants are wearing their seat belts before driv- ing the vehicle.  Correct use of the seat belts Extend the shoulder belt so that it comes fully over the shoulder, does come into contact with the.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel)  Fastening and releasing the seat belt Fastening the belt Push the tab into the buckle until a clicking sound is heard. Releasing the belt Press the release button. Release button  Adjusting the height of the belt (front seats) Down Move the height adjuster up and down as needed until you.1-3.

Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Seat belt pretensioners (front seats) The pretensioner helps the seat belt to quickly restrain the occu- pant by retracting the seat belt when the vehicle is subjected to certain types of severe frontal collision. Seat belt regulations If seat belt regulations exist in the country where you reside, contact any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped professional, for seat belt replacement or installation. AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).Each seat belt should be used by one person only. Do not use a seat belt for more than one person at once, including children.  Toyota recommends that children be seated in the rear seat and always use a seat belt and/or an appropriate child restraint system. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) CAUTION  Pregnant women Obtain medical advice and wear the seat belt in the proper way. 100) Women who are pregnant should position the lap belt as low as possible over the hips in the same manner as other occu- pants.Ensure that the belt and tab are locked and the belt is not twisted. If the seat belt does not function correctly, immediately contact any autho- rized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped pro- fessional.

AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).Do not attempt to install, remove, modify, disassemble or dispose of the seat belts. Have any necessary repairs carried out by any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped professional. Inappropriate handling of the pretensioner may prevent it from operating properly resulting in death or serious injury.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Steering wheel The steering wheel can be adjusted to a comfortable position.

Power tilt & telescopic steering wheel Down Toward the driver Away from the driver Manual tilt & telescopic steering wheel Hold the steering wheel and STEP press the lever down.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Auto tilt away (vehicles with power tilt & telescopic steering wheel) When “ENGINE START STOP” switch is turned OFF, the steering wheel returns to its stowed position by moving up and away to enable easier driver entry and exit.1-3.

Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) CAUTION  While driving Do not adjust the steering wheel. Doing so may cause the driver to mishandle the vehicle and cause an acci- dent, resulting in death or serious injury.  After adjusting the steering wheel (vehicles with manual tilt & tele- scopic steering wheel) Make sure that the steering wheel is securely locked by trying to move the steering wheel up and down.1-3.

Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Inside rear view mirror Glare from the headlights of vehicles behind can be reduced by using the following functions. Auto anti-glare inside rear view mirror In auto mode, sensors are used to detect the headlights of vehi- cles behind and automatically reduce the reflected light.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Manual anti-glare inside rear view mirror Normal position Anti-glare position Adjusting the height of rear view mirror (vehicles with auto anti- glare inside rear view mirror) Adjust the height of the rear view mirror by moving it up and down.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel)  To prevent sensor error (vehicles with auto anti-glare inside rear view mirror) To ensure that the sensors operate prop- erly, do not touch or cover them.

ITY13C080 CAUTION  While driving Do not adjust the position of the mirror. Doing so may lead to mishandling of the vehicle and an accident, resulting in death or serious injury.1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Outside rear view mirrors Mirror angle can be adjusted using the switch. Select a mirror to adjust. STEP Left Right Adjust the mirror.

STEP Right Down Left AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-3. Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) Folding back the mirrors Power type (if equipped) Press the switch. Pressing again will extend the mirror. Manual type Push backward to fold the mir- rors. The outside rear view mirrors can be operated when .1-3.

Adjustable components (seats, mirrors, steering wheel) CAUTION  While driving Observe the following precautions. Failing to do so may result in loss of control of the vehicle and cause an acci- dent, resulting in death or serious injury.  Do not adjust the mirrors.1-4. Opening and closing the windows Power windows The power windows can be opened and closed using the following switches. One-touch closing equipped) Closing One-touch opening equipped) Opening: To stop the window partway, operate the switch in the oppo- site direction.1-4. Opening and closing the windows  The power windows can be operated when Vehicles with smart entry & start system The “ENGINE START STOP” switch is in IGNITION ON mode. Vehicles without smart entry & start system The engine switch is in the “ON” position.

.If you release the switch while the window is moving, start again from the beginning. If the window continues to close but then re-open slightly even after performing the above procedure correctly, have the vehicle inspected by any authorized Toyota dealer or repairer, or another duly qualified and equipped professional.

Opening and closing the windows CAUTION  When closing the windows Observe the following precautions. Failing to do so may result in death or serious injury.  Check to make sure that all passengers do not have any part of their body in a position where it could be caught when a window is being operated.1-5. Refueling Opening the fuel tank cap Perform the following steps to open the fuel tank cap.  Before refueling the vehicle Vehicles with smart entry & start system Turn the “ENGINE START STOP” switch OFF and ensure that all the doors and windows are closed. Vehicles without smart entry &.1-5. Refueling Hang the fuel tank cap on the STEP back of the fuel filler door.

Closing the fuel tank cap When replacing the fuel tank cap, turn it until a clicking sound is heard. After releasing your hand, the cap will turn slightly to the opposite direction.1-5. Refueling  Fuel types Gasoline engine EU area: Unleaded gasoline conforming to European standard EN228, Research Octane Number of 95 or higher Except EU area: Unleaded gasoline, Research Octane Number of 95 or higher Diesel engine Engine/catalytic converter Type EU area: Diesel fuel conforming to European standard EN590.Use of ethanol blended gasoline in a gasoline engine  Toyota allows the use of ethanol blended gasoline where the ethanol content is up to 10%. Make sure that the ethanol blended gasoline to be used has a Research Octane Number that follows the above.1-5. Refueling CAUTION  Refueling the vehicle Observe the following precautions while refueling the vehicle.

Failure to do so may result in death or serious injury.  Touch the vehicle or some other metal surface to discharge any static electricity. Sparks resulting from discharging static electricity may cause the fuel vapors to ignite. When replacing the fuel tank cap Do not use anything but a genuine Toyota fuel tank cap designed for your vehicle. Failure to do so may cause a fire or other incident which may result in death or serious injury.1-6. Theft deterrent system Engine immobilizer system The vehicle’s keys have built-in transponder chips that prevent the engine from starting if the key has not been previously registered in the vehicle’s on-board computer. Never leave the keys inside the vehicle when you leave the vehicle.

This system is designed to help prevent vehicle theft but does not guarantee absolute security against all vehicle thefts.1-6. Theft deterrent system Vehicles without smart entry & start system The indicator light flashes after the key has been removed from the engine switch to indi- cate that the system is operat- ing. The indicator light stops flash- ing after the registered key has been inserted into the engine switch to indicate that the system has been can.1-6. Theft deterrent system Engine immobilizer certification (vehicles with smart entry & start sys-  tem) Hereby, Toyota Motor Corporation, declares that this TMIMB-1 is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/ 5/EC. Theft deterrent system AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-6. Theft deterrent system AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-6. Theft deterrent system Engine immobilizer certification (vehicles without smart entry & start  system) Hereby, TRCZ s.r.o., declares that this RI-37BTY is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.

Theft deterrent system AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-6. Theft deterrent system AVENSISOMOM20B99E(EE).1-6. Theft deterrent system NOTICE  To ensure the system operates correctly Do not modify or remove the system. If modified or removed, the proper operation of the system cannot be guaranteed.

Theft deterrent system  Double locking system Unauthorized access to the vehicle is prevented by disabling the door unlocking function from both the interior and exterior of the vehicle. Vehicles employing this sys- tem have labels on the win- dow glass of both front doors.1-6. Theft deterrent system Canceling the system Using the smart entry & start system (if equipped): Hold the outside door handle on the driver side. Using the wireless remote control: Press the button. CAUTION  Double locking system precaution Never activate the double locking system when there are people in the vehi- cle, because all the doors cannot be opened from inside the vehicle.1-6. Theft deterrent system  Alarm The system sounds the alarm and flashes lights when forcible entry is detected.

 Triggering of the alarm The alarm is triggered in the following situations when the alarm is being set:  A locked door is unlocked or opened in any way other than by using the smart entry &.1-6. Theft deterrent system  Deactivating or stopping the alarm Do one of the following to deactivate or stop the alarm.  Unlock the doors, trunk or back door using the smart entry & start system or the wireless remote control. Theft deterrent system  Canceling the intrusion sensor Vehicles with smart entry & start system: Turn “ENGINE START STOP” switch OFF and press the intrusion sensor cancel switch. Vehicles without smart entry & start system: Turn the engine switch to the “LOCK” position and press the intrusion sensor cancel switch.1-6. Theft deterrent system Triggering of the alarm  The alarm may be triggered in the following situations.

(Stopping the alarm deactivates the alarm system.) The door is unlocked using the key.   A person inside the vehicle opens a door or hood.1-6. Theft deterrent system Alarm-operated door lock   When the alarm is operating, the doors are locked automatically to pre- vent intruders.  Do not leave the key inside the vehicle when the alarm is operating, and make sure the key is not inside the vehicle when recharging or replacing the battery.1-6. Theft deterrent system  The vehicle is parked in a place where extreme vibrations or noises occur, such as in a parking garage.  Ice or snow is removed from the vehi- cle, causing the vehicle to receive repeated impacts or vibrations.

Theft deterrent system Certification  Hereby, FUJITSU TEN LIMITED, declares that this FTL313 is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. The latest “DECLARATION of CONFORMITY” (DoC) is available at the address stated in the DoC. Theft deterrent system NOTICE  To ensure the system operates correctly Do not modify or remove the system. If modified or removed, the proper operation of the system cannot be guaranteed. Safety information Correct driving posture Drive with a good posture as follows: Sit upright and well back in the seat. 90) Adjust the position of the seat forward or backward to ensure the pedals can be reached easily depressed to the extent required.1-7. Safety information CAUTION  While driving  Do not adjust the position of the driver’s seat.

Doing so could cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle.  Do not place a cushion between the driver or passenger and the seatback. A cushion may prevent correct posture from being achieved, and reduce the effectiveness of the seat belt and head restraint, increasing the risk of death or serious injury to the driver or passenger.1-7.

Safety information SRS airbags The SRS airbags inflate when the vehicle is subjected to certain types of severe impacts that may cause significant injury to the occupants. They work together with the seat belts to help reduce the risk of death or serious injury. Front airbags Driver airbag/front passenger airbag Can help protect the head and chest of the driver and front pas.1-7. Safety information Side and curtain shield airbags Side airbags Can help protect the torso of the front seat occupants. Curtain shield airbags Can help protect primarily the head of front seat occupants and rear outboard seat occupants. Airbag system components Front airbag sensor Driver airbag Airbag manual on-off switch.1-7.

Safety information The main SRS airbag system components are shown above. The SRS airbag system is controlled by the airbag sensor assembly. As the airbags deploy, a chemical reaction in the inflators quickly fills the airbags with non-toxic gas to help restrain the motion of the occu- pants.1-7.

Safety information Operating conditions (side and curtain shield airbags)  The SRS side airbags and SRS curtain shield airbags will deploy in the event of an impact that exceeds the set threshold level (the level of force corresponding to the impact force produced by an approximately 1500 kg 3300 lb. vehicle colliding with the vehicle cabin from a direction perpendicu- lar to the vehicle orientation at an approximate speed of 20 - 30 km/h 12 - 18 mph).1-7.